A new study is raising red flags about a class of anti-inflammatory drugs that could increase vulnerability to serious viral infections.
According to DailyMail.com, researchers from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) found that Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors—used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, alopecia, eczema, and bone cancers—may impair the body’s immune defenses. These medications, taken by millions, work by blocking immune system proteins to reduce inflammation. However, this process could also remove a vital layer of viral protection.
How JAK Inhibitors Affect the Body’s Viral Defenses
JAK inhibitors, including drugs like baricitinib (sold under the brand name Olumiant), were designed to reduce chronic inflammation. But this new research shows they may suppress genes responsible for antiviral defense, leaving patients more open to viruses such as COVID-19 and influenza.
“These genes play a crucial role in the body’s response to viral infections,” said Aleksandr Ianevski, NTNU researcher and co-author of the study. “By stopping or slowing down this pathway, JAK inhibitors remove the body’s antiviral shield.”
The team examined cells from the lungs, eyes, and brain, along with lab-created organ models, to observe how the drugs influence viral spread once the body is exposed.
Concerns for Patients With Chronic or Latent Viral Infections
Erlend Ravlo, a PhD research fellow at NTNU, warned, “Although JAK inhibitors are effective in the treatment of inflammation, this shows that they can pose a hidden risk for patients who have latent or active viral infections.”
Doctors are being advised to exercise caution, especially when prescribing these medications during viral outbreaks or pandemics. Patients with chronic illnesses, weakened immune systems, or advanced age may face greater risk.
Known Side Effects and Risks
Common side effects of JAK inhibitors include:
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Nausea
- Diarrhea
- Acne
- Elevated cholesterol
Rare but severe effects can include:
- Serious infections like pneumonia or shingles
- Intestinal damage
- Blood cell count abnormalities
On social media, health professionals like Dr. Sarah Erickson, who specializes in treating hair loss, have also voiced concern. In one of her TikTok videos, she calls attention to the “harsh” side effects of JAK inhibitors, adding to public awareness.
Use in Controlled Medical Settings
While their immune-suppressing effect raises concerns, the study authors note that this characteristic could be valuable in controlled settings, such as vaccine development or antiviral drug testing. Still, the research shows the importance of striking a balance between treatment benefits and potential immune suppression.
Article updated 4 months ago. Content is written and modified by multiple authors.
